Parts of Cornish Boiler | Working Principle of Cornish Boiler | Construction of Cornish Boiler

What Is Cornish Boiler?

The Cornish boiler is a horizontal fire tube boiler with an internal fire tube. Cornish boilers were first manufactured in the year 1812 by Richard Trevithick. Cornish boilers have a long horizontal cylindrical shell. This boiler has only one fire watch running from front to back.

This fire watch is not centered inside the shell. This is offset from the fire watch center. This firetube is offset from the center because the shell is never fully filled with water, some space of the upper part of the shell is left for steam, and the firetubes are placed in such a way that it almost in the middle of the water-filled area.

In Cornish boilers, the shell has a length of 4 to 7 meters, and the shell has a diameter of 1.25 to 1.75 meters.

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Parts of Cornish Boiler:

#1. Shell

A shell contains water as well as a tube. The transfers of heat between water take place in the shell. And the shell is also such that it covers all the components of the boiler and is also called the main body.

#2. Grate and Furnace

This is the place in the fire watch where coal will be kept and burned. The furnace is the part where coal or fuel enters and burns inside it. Grat is the part where heat is developed with the help of fuel burning in it.

#3. Furnace

A furnace acts like an intermediary that you know why? Because it is connected between the fire hose and the combustion chamber. Here the fuel burns and produces heat.

#4. Combustion Chamber

Here the fuels burn in the combustion chamber and produce heat which is then supplied to the tube; here, water is condensed. The combustion chambers are connected to the furnace.

#5. Ash pit

Fuel ash here is completely burnt and has no use inside the boiler.

#6. Chimney

The chimney is here to release exhaust gases into the atmosphere.

#7. Smokebox

A smokebox is provided here to collect smoke and further sends it to the chimney.

#8. Water level Indicator

It is a device that details the water level of a boiler. This works even when the water is over the limit, or the water is below the limit.

#9. Safety Valve

The safety valve is another type of instrument, which is used for the purpose of safety, and it works even when no other indicator works.

#10. Man Hole

This is the main hole from which an engineer will enter and replace it when any component inside the boiler is damaged.

#11. Stop Valve

Stop valves are also used to regulate the control of things.

#12. Blow off valve

A flick of the valve is used to clean the boiler by discharging water and sediment from the bottom of the boiler.

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Working Principle of Cornish Boiler:

The substance that works here is coal. Let’s study work; in the furnace, the fuel, which is coal, is supplied, and it is sent to the furnace. Here we burn fuel by providing some amount of fire. So as we know, it is a big tube boiler.

The burning of coal produces heat which is then sent to the tube, and water is circulated here. Why is the water surrounded on its own? Because we supply water here & with the use of an instrument, the water level indicator, we measure the water level.

So now there is so much heat in the tube that the water starts heating up, which means that the water first converts to saturated steam, and then it is further heated and converted to superheat steam which is now working. Steam can be used for various purposes.

Meanwhile, the burning coal ash here falls into the ash pit, and from here, it becomes smoky, and the gas will leave the chimney in the environment. And we take out the ashes from the system and clean it.

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Construction of Cornish Boiler:

The shortest part of the boiler is a long cylindrical outer shell. It is the outermost part of Cornish boilers, which contains other boiler parts. Inside the shell is an internal fire hose near the bottom of the boiler.

The fire watch is positioned in such a way that it is in the center of the Cornish boiler’s water area. The furnace and furnace are present on the front side of the boiler. The coal is prepared for grinding through a fire hole. A brick arc is also given to prevent the burning coal ash from entering the fire tube and the flue tube.

Two flue tubes are present on two sides of the boiler and are called side flues, and one is presented at the bottom of the boiler and is known as a bottom flue. There is another grip tube called the main grip tube.

Through these main flue tubes, the flue gases reach the chimney. This chimney is used to pass flue gases and smoke into the atmosphere from the main flu tube. Apart from these parts, some mountings are installed on this boiler.

A safety valve that is spring-loaded is placed on the boiler to release excess steams pressure whenever there is high steams pressure inside the boiler. There is another mounting stop valve and is used to regulate the steam generated between the steam pipes, and the boiler is located on the top of the boiler.

A High Steam Low Water Safety Valve A stop is also provided near the valve & is used to release the generated steam when the water level falls below a certain level. There is a water feed pipe inside the boiler to fill the water.

This feed pipe is controlled by the feed valve. The steam produced inside the boiler contains a large amount of water in the steam locations and is called priming. An anti-precision pipe is provided to separate the water as far as possible. Blow-off coke is used to remove the sludge inside the boiler floor.

This blow-off cock can be used the inspire to completely drain water from the boiler. The main hole also exists, which is used to inspect inside the boiler.

There is also a pressure gauge inside the boilers, which is used to know the amount of pressure inside the boiler when it is under operation. Boilers are located on two sides of the boiler used to regulate the flow of air, and it also controls steam generation.

Also, Read: Working of Locomotive Boiler | Parts of Locomotive Boiler | Advantages of Locomotive Boiler | Disadvantages of Locomotive Boiler

Application of Cornish Boiler:

Here, the different applications of the cornish boiler are as follows.

• Cornish boilers are used in many industries, such as sugar, paper, tires, chemicals, etc.
• Cornish boiler is also used to produce steam to run steam turbines.
• It is also found in many marine industries.

Advantages of Cornish Boiler:

Here, the different advantages of the cornish boiler are as follows.

• Cornish boilers have a very simple design and easy construction.
• It is a compact and portable boiler.
• This can overcome load fluctuations during boiler operation.
• The manufacturing and maintenance costs of this boiler are very low.

Disadvantages of Cornish Boiler:

Here, the different disadvantages of the cornish boiler are as follows.

• The low steam generation rate of about 1350 kg/hr.
• It can take a maximum steam pressure of 10.5 bar.
• The horizontal structure requires more land.

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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Cornish Fire Tube Boiler

The Cornish boiler is a horizontal fire tube boiler with an internal fire tube. Cornish boilers were first manufactured in the year 1812 by Richard Trevithick. Cornish boilers have a long horizontal cylindrical shell. This boiler has only one fire watch running from front to back.

Cornish Boiler

Cornish Boiler is a fire tube boiler. After Cochran, Locomotive, Scotch marine boiler, a Cornish boiler is another type of fire tube boiler. This type of boiler works on very limited pressure, which is up to 20 bar only. It has a long horizontal cylinder with a single large flue containing the fire.

Cornish Boiler Working

A Cornish boiler works on the principle of Thermal conduction; that is, hot gases emerging from the combustion of fuel with air pass through a fire tube and transfer the heat to the surrounding water by thermal conduction. This heat increases the temperature of the water to the extent to which it starts boiling.

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