Important Point
Gas Turbine Parts and Functions:
Gas Turbine Parts and Works As the hot combustion gas circulates through the turbine, it rotates the rotating blade. Rotating blades perform a dual function: they drive the compressor to draw more pressurized air into the combustion section, and they spin a generator to generate electricity.
Introduction to Gas Turbine Power Plant:
Demand for gas power plants is increasing due to some benefits. Natural gas is used as a fuel, and other fuels may be synthetic gas. Just as in steam power plants, which contain operating fluid water and steam mixtures, in gas turbine power plants, air mixtures are used as a derived fluid.
In a jet engine, there is a turbine on one side and a compressor on one side, and the air is entered into the compressor; it is mixed with fuel, ignites it, and then exits it from the turbine. Is the turbine converting pressure and velocity into electric power through a generator?
A major problem in operating gas turbine power plants is that when the fuel is being ejected, its temperature is 400–500 ° c, which can cause atmospheric pollution and waste a lot of energy.
Due to this wastage of energy, the efficiency of common gas turbine power plants and open-cycle gas turbines is around 20–25%, which is less than its capacity; even the capacity of steam turbines is more than this.
The compressor and turbine are mostly on the same shaft. The compressor drives and compresses the air 15–30 bar, and then the fuel is mixed, and when this mixture passes through the gas turbine at high pressure, the energy is converted.
The energy required to drive the compressor is channeled through the turbine from the same shaft to the compressor, meaning that the major part of the energy is used by the compressor to drive, and the remaining energy is used in the turbine. The compressor consists of several stages, low-pressure compressor, intermediate pressure compressor, and high-pressure compressor.
The compressor is the opposite of a gas turbine. The turbine uses kinetic energy and converts it into rotational kinetic energy; however, the compressor converts it to the potential energy of the air and fuel mixture using rotational kinetic energy.
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Major Parts of Gas Turbine Power Plant:
Operation of gas turbine power plant Gas Turbine.
Gas Turbine:
A gas turbine is used to converts the kinetic energy of hot gases into rotational energy, which is used to drive a synchronous generator.
It has several phases, the high-pressure phase, the intermediate pressure phase, and then the low-pressure phase. The combustion process takes place in the turbines; therefore, to protect the blade from melting, the cooling process also takes place here.
Most of the time, cold fluid is continuously passing through the blade.
The Compressor of Gas Turbine Power Plant:
It is mounted on a single shaft, it compresses normal air and distributes it to the combustion chamber. It also has multiple stages, low-pressure phase, intermediate pressure phase, and then high-pressure phase to increase efficiency.
The combustion chamber of the Gas Turbine Power Plant:
compressed air is recorded here, and it is mixed with fuel. It is then ignited here, which leads to an increase in temperature and pressure.
The temperature can go up to 1400 ° c. At this very high temperature, nitrogen can combine with oxygen to produce nitrogen oxide but is controlled in such a way that all oxygen is used in the combustion process.
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Auxiliaries for the Operation of Gas Turbine Power Plant:
Assistant for operating a gas turbine power plant various starting equipment, fuel systems, oil systems, lubrication pumps but they are not part of our focus.
Methods to Increase Efficiency of an Open-Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant:
There are two techniques available to improves the efficiency of n open-cycle gas turbines power plant:
- Combined Cycle of Gas Turbine Power Plant.
- PlantIntegrated Gasification Cycle of Gas Turbine Power Plant.
#1. Combined Cycle of Gas Turbine Power Plant
- The exhaust waste is used in heat recovery steam generators. Mainly 2 turbines are used, 1 is gas turbine whose exhaust is utilized by the heat recovery steam generator and generate steam and run the steam turbine.
- So, in 1 unit, there are 2 turbines and 2 synchronous generators. Efficiency can be increased by 50–60%
#2. PlantIntegrated Gasification Cycle of Gas Turbine Power Plant
When fuel is not available, another fuel is gasified, boilers (gasifiers) are used to gasify the low-quality coal, waste material, or biomass by partial combustion.
After it is gasified, the hot gases produced are CO, H2, CO2, which are used.
Thermodynamic Cycle of Gas Turbine Power Plant:
Gas turbines operate on the Breton bicycle. 25% of the world’s energy production is based on gas-turbine power plants. This percentage will increase if energy production is reduced by the use of fossil fuels. Open-cycle efficiency can be increased up to 38%. Small-scale gas turbines can be used to obtain 35–45 MW of energy.
Open Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant:
If the exhaust expands into the atmosphere, it is called an open-cycle gas turbine; the exhaust energy cannot be regained. 50–55% of the energy is wasted in the exhaust.
Combined Cycle Gas Power Plant-
Is a combined cycle, exhaust gases are used in steam, and their energy is reclaimed and used. Larger gas turbines have lower efficiency, but due to modern research, their efficiency increases up to 38.7% and also increases the size of their unit. Earlier, 50 MW gas turbine units were used, but now, units up to 265 MW can be used.
The efficiency of a gas turbine plant depends on the inlet and outlet temperatures of the turbine part. The inlet temperature is around 1400–1600 ° c, and the exit temperature is about 400 ° c. So there is less efficiency due to this temperature difference.
In the future, if good quality materials are used, the temperature of the combustion chamber may be increased, thereby increasing our overall efficiency.
Energy Cycle:
- The inlet energy is due to the ambient temperature, so it is minimal.
- The compressor compresses the air 30 times; then it is mixed with the fuel and lit; therefore, the major part of the energy is from the fuel mixture.
- Compressed air energy + fuel energy is inlet energy.
- It is converted into rotational energy.
- It is converted into electrical energy.
- About 80% of the energy is wasted in open-cycle gas turbines, but if we use combined-cycle gas turbines, it can be recovered.
Choice of Fuel in Gas Turbine Power Plant:
Here, the Choice of Fuel in Gas Turbine Power Plant is as follows.
- Based on the characteristics of fuel gas, gas turbines are designed. Only then designers can guarantee the proper functioning of the turbine.
- The design of the combustion chamber is of major importance for efficiency. Similarly, temperature and pressure are also constantly monitored.
Advantages of Gas Turbine Power Plant:
Here, the applications of the Gas Turbine Power Plant are as follows.
- Their popularity has grown over time (around 90% in the USA). Now, they are used as standard prime movers for many industrial applications.
- Most efficient for converting fossil fuels into energy.
- Turbine → 35-265mw output, 38% efficiency in power.
- Small in size and no release of harmful gases.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Gas Turbine Engine Components
Gas turbines are composed of three main components: compressor, combustor, and power turbine.
Gas Turbine Parts
Generally, there are mainly three items regarded as gas turbine parts: a compressor, a combustion engine, and a turbine plus other parts such as rotors, casings, and auxiliary components.
Gas Turbine Powerplant
A gas turbine is a combustion engine at the heart of a power plant that can convert natural gas or other liquid fuels to mechanical energy. This energy then drives a generator that produces the electrical energy that moves along power lines to homes and businesses.
Gas Turbine Components
Gas turbines are composed of three main components: compressor, combustor, and power turbine. In the compressor section, the air is drawn in and compressed up to 30 times ambient pressure and directed to the combustor section where fuel is introduced, ignited, and burned.
Components of Gas Turbine
Gas turbines are composed of three main components: compressor, combustor, and power turbine. In the compressor section, the air is drawn in and compressed up to 30 times ambient pressure and directed to the combustor section where fuel is introduced, ignited, and burned.
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